Techniques in Podiatry Surgery for Treating Bunions and Hammertoes
Bunions and hammertoes are structural foot deformities that can lead to discomfort and challenges with daily mobility. When non-surgical options do not adequately address symptoms, podiatry surgery offers several approaches to correct these conditions. Understanding their features and surgical management supports patients when discussing their care with a specialist.
What Are Bunions?
A bunion is a deformity affecting the joint at the base of the big toe. It presents as a bony prominence on the side of the foot, usually as the big toe moves towards the second toe. This alignment shift enlarges the MTP joint and creates irritation and sometimes persistent discomfort.
Bunions can develop from inherited foot structure, with some people more predisposed based on the shape and mechanics of their feet. Narrow or tight-fitting shoes may increase pressure on the affected joint and exacerbate existing deformities. Over time, the joint’s misalignment can lead to restricted movement and the development of related conditions such as localized arthritis.
What Are Hammertoes?
Hammertoe describes a toe that bends abnormally at its middle joint, known as the proximal interphalangeal joint. This creates a hammer-like appearance. This deformity most often affects the second, third, or fourth toes. The cause is an imbalance of the muscles that normally keep the toe straight, which results in the toe bending downward.
Hammertoes are categorized as either flexible, meaning they’re still movable at the joint, or rigid and unable to straighten. Risk factors include inheriting high arches or flat feet, trauma to the toe, and wearing shoes that crowd the toes. Hammertoes may also arise from pressure related to bunions, which can push the second toe out of alignment.
How Does Podiatry Surgery Treat Them?
Conservative treatment for bunions and hammertoes can include wearing wide shoes, protective pads, orthotic devices, or medication. When this form of management does not provide enough relief, podiatry surgery may be recommended. The surgical technique depends on the type and severity of the deformity as well as the circumstances of the patient’s general health.
Surgery for Bunions
Bunion surgery seeks to realign the MTP joint and reduce or eliminate the bony prominence. One operative method is osteotomy, in which the surgeon cuts and repositions certain bones of the foot. The surgeon typically stabilizes the corrected bones using screws, pins, or plates during healing.
Surgery for Hammertoes
Surgical intervention for hammertoes is customized depending on the nature of the deformity. For some hammertoes, where the contracture cannot be manually straightened, a procedure called arthroplasty or joint resection may be used. The surgeon removes a small section of bone from the affected joint, allowing the toe to be repositioned in a straighter alignment. Arthrodesis may be recommended in some cases to fuse the bones in the corrected position.
Recovery and Aftercare
The recovery process following bunion or hammertoe surgery differs according to the procedure and patient-specific factors. Surgeons typically provide guidelines to manage swelling and support healing; special footwear or splints might be used. Rehabilitation measures, including physical therapy exercises, may support the restoration of strength and mobility to the affected foot or toe.
Speak Further With a Podiatrist
Although surgical techniques for bunions and hammertoes are effective when conservative treatment does not suffice, every patient’s situation is unique. Consulting with a podiatrist allows for a detailed examination and for you to pursue an individualized treatment plan. Understanding your options can help you make informed decisions best aligned with your health, taking into account your lifestyle and personal goals.
