Understanding the Different Types of Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is a widespread condition, and people may not realize when it occurs initially. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds typically causes this damage. While most cases appear on sun-exposed areas, these cancers can develop anywhere on the body. Here are some of the main types of skin cancer:
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma begins in the basal cells, which produce new skin cells. It typically looks like a waxy bump, while it may appear as a flesh-colored lesion. Because it grows slowly, patients may mistake it for a pimple or scar that won’t fade. This cancer rarely spreads to other parts of the body, but it damages the surrounding tissue. Seek professional evaluation for any persistent skin changes.
The sun is a major cause of basal cell carcinomas on the head and neck. Protecting your skin from UV rays remains the ideal defense against this specific type. Doctors diagnose this condition through a simple biopsy of the suspicious area. Once identified, removal prevents the tumor from invading bone or muscle tissue underneath.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This type of skin cancer typically manifests as a firm, red nodule. You might also notice a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface, and it develops primarily in the middle and outer skin layers. Because these cells are near the surface, they are frequently exposed to UV. If left untreated, this carcinoma grows deeper into the skin layers and causes damage.
Some people ignore these spots because they resemble dry patches or warts. The growths persist over time, unlike typical skin irritations, which heal relatively quickly. When you check your skin, look for sores that do not heal or reappear often. Treatment options vary based on the size and location of the growth.
Doctors typically remove these tumors through minor surgical procedures in an office setting. They excise the cancerous tissue, and they check the margins to confirm removal. Since squamous cell carcinoma grows slowly, you have time to address it effectively. Get regular monitoring after treatment to catch any potential recurrence immediately.
Diagnosed Melanoma
Melanoma poses a serious risk because it spreads more readily than other types. It develops in the melanocytes, which produce the melanin that gives your skin its color. While rare, this cancer causes the majority of skin cancer deaths. You must watch your moles carefully for changes in size, shape, or color.
Look for the ABCDEs when you examine your skin at home:
- Asymmetry in the mole
- Border irregularity
- Color variations
- Diameter larger than a pencil eraser
- Evolving or changing characteristics
If melanoma spreads to internal organs, treatment becomes significantly more difficult. Doctors stage the cancer based on thickness and whether it has reached the lymph nodes. Early-stage melanoma allows for high cure rates through surgical removal of the lesion. Immunotherapy helps your immune system fight the cancer cells if the disease advances.
Get Treated for Skin Cancer
Your doctor will create a plan that targets your specific type and stage of cancer. Surgery, radiation, and medication offer distinct paths to eliminating the disease. When you understand your options, you may make better decisions for your health and future. Reach out to a dermatologist to get a professional evaluation and peace of mind.
