The Science Behind Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Mental Health
Transcranial magnetic stimulation, or TMS, is a non-invasive procedure, and it uses magnetic fields to interact with specific brain areas. Since this technique is applied from outside the head, it does not require surgery or sedation. The technology works by directing magnetic energy toward brain nerve cells involved in mood regulation. Here is more information about the science behind TMS therapy:
Magnetic Pulses
TMS therapy uses a specialized coil placed against the scalp. When specialists activate the coil, the device sends brief, repetitive magnetic pulses, and these create small electrical currents in the brain. These magnetic pulses are similar in strength to those used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, so they are generally well-tolerated.
These pulses pass through the skull, and they can reach the targeted neurons beneath. Because the pulses are administered in rapid succession, they generate a consistent effect within the brain’s circuitry. This method is designed to modulate the activity of nerve cells in the targeted area, and these magnetic pulses may:
- Improve neural connectivity, which may support better cognitive functioning.
- Reduce symptoms of anxiety by balancing overactive brain regions.
- Enhance overall mental health by promoting positive changes in brain activity.
Increased Brain Communication
TMS also works by enhancing communication between different parts of the brain. When the prefrontal cortex is modulated, it can improve signaling within this larger network. This strengthens the connections that allow for better emotional regulation. The improved communication is a result of the repeated stimulation sessions.
Targeted Stimulation
The effectiveness of TMS is due to its ability to target specific brain regions. For mental health applications, the focus may be the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This area impacts mood regulation, and its activity levels are sometimes different in individuals with certain mental health conditions. By focusing on this region, TMS aims to normalize its activity.
By localizing stimulation, specialists can prevent the magnetic pulses from affecting unintended areas of the brain, a feature that distinguishes it from other forms of brain stimulation. The precision is due to measurements from each individual, which helps align the coil to the correct location. This approach is a key component of how the treatment works.
During a session, a specialist will:
- Place a coil on a specific part of your head.
- Deliver targeted magnetic pulses with the machine.
- Stimulate nerve cells with pulses.
The treatment protocol, including the location and intensity of the pulses, is determined by a qualified provider. A person undergoing transcranial magnetic stimulation is typically awake and alert throughout the procedure, so there is no anesthesia. This process allows for direct interaction with the brain circuits believed to be underactive.
Improved Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections, and TMS can stimulate this process. While the brain is constantly changing, TMS may help facilitate positive adaptations in neural pathways. New connections can form, and existing ones might strengthen.
This stimulation prompts brain cells to become more active. Brain activity may lead to long-term changes in how neurons communicate with each other. This is a gradual process, not an instant one. Repetitive sessions typically have a solid structure that builds on these changes over time.
Schedule Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
The science of TMS involves using targeted magnetic pulses to modulate brain activity. If you are interested in learning more about how TMS works, we encourage you to connect with a healthcare provider. Contact a psychiatry clinic to schedule a consultation and discuss if this approach is suitable for you.
